As I was reading chapter two from The Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paul Freire, my mind kept wandering to a novel that I read during my senior year of high school: 1984, by George Orwell. In this novel Orwell describes a world in which people are essentially robots; they are educated very specifically to believe what the government wants them to believe and individual thought is outlawed. They do not ask questions or attempt to understand the state of the world; they simply memorize what they are told and recite it. Although 1984 is an extreme example, this kind of system is how Freire paints the "banking concept" of education. He describes it as a system in which the teacher has total control and is simply filling the students' heads with facts and unquestioned beliefs. This system does not allow students to truly think. He criticizes this form of education and proposes another form which he believes is much more effecting: "problem posing" education. "Problem posing" education removes the distinct line between students and teachers and provides a place where everybody is required to think critically in order to find solutions to problems they are presented with. In this form of education, the teachers become students and the students become teachers because everybody has input in the class. Instead of creating robots who are able to memorize facts and regurgitate them, "problem posing" education creates thinkers who are beneficial to society.
I have experienced both of these forms of education. During my freshman year of high school I attended a charter school in Colorado Springs that used a learning concept called direct instruction. This meant that the teacher would ask the entire class a question and we were all required to give the answer in unison. As one can probably see, this process does not allow for individual thought or critical thinking. We learned facts and were only required to tell them back to the teacher. It was rare that we were challenged to think critically about the facts we had been given. I also have experienced "problem posing" education. At my school in Peru, many of my classes operated this way. One in particular, however, stands out: novels. My senior year English class required us to think very critically about the readings we were given. One particular assignment we had was over the short book Metamorphosis. For our assessment we were required to discuss, in depth, the concepts of the book and how it relates to existentialism. Our teacher did not participate in the discussion except when absolutely necessary. We were forced to look into the piece and come up with the answers on our own. I remember Miss Murrell saying several times that she was learning new things from us despite the fact that she had read the book multiple times before. I don't remember all of the facts that I learned at my school in Colorado, but I do remember very much of the discussions we had in Novels when we were required to actively think about what we were learning.